Morgenthau’s views on International Relations are rooted in
the Realist school of thought. He establishes six principles of realism on
which he bases his discourse.
To Morgenthau actions are more important than intentions, a
belief which stems from realism which states that human beings are selfish and
self interested. He therefore believes that a realist perspective allows for a
more rational approach as compared to the idealist view that human beings are
essentially pure and morally sound creatures, motivated by collective rather
then personal interest. The writer rejects the idealist outlook and instead bases his theory in realism,
stating that conflict is inevitable since power takes precedence over morality.
Naturally it follows that states place a secondary emphasis on morality, a
notion which can find considerable support in world history given the
staggering percentage of humanity killed in wars and conflicts such as the two
World Wars. Millions of lives may be lost due to the decisions of a few, possibly
even a single statesman. A tougher question to answer though is whether
morality is secondary to power even in the personal sphere since it is people
who construct states after all. I
believe it is difficult to establish boundaries for something as complex as
human nature and so sweeping statements in this regard cannot be founded on
concrete evidence. Morgenthau must be lauded for aiming to show both sides of his
argument concerning rationality, morality and power however the inherent
contradictions in his theory leave it open to further debate.
it is difficult to establish boundaries indeed, for such queries often have difficult or convoluted answers. However, it wont be an understatement to say that Morgenthau realises that humans are inherently selfish, and the need to fend for their own selves out powers the feeling of morality that they might feel towards others.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Babar when he states that humans are inherently selfish and will ensure that their own personal and national interests are safeguarded. For this reason, the way they conduct affairs within their national boundaries will at times be very different from the way that they act in international community, giving rise to dual morality because at the end of the day the statesmen want to ensure their own survival.
ReplyDeleteYes, actions are ultimately what matters for Morgenthau and morality is irrelevant, especially since he views human beings as inherently selfish and out to maximize their own interests (like states).
ReplyDelete